92/08/15 17:02:51 NOSIDE   日本国憲法第３章

                The Constitution of Japan   (NO.2)

CHAPTER 3. RIGHTS AND DUTIES  OF THE PEOPLE

Article 10. The conditions necessary for being Japanese national shall be 
  determined by law.

Article 11. The people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the 
fundamental human rights.

These fundamental human rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution
shall be conferred upon the people of this and future generations as eternal and
 inviolate rights. 

Article 12.The freedoms and rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution
 shall be maintained by the constant endeavor of the people who shall refrain 
from any abuse of these freedoms and rights and shall always be responsible for 
utilizing them for the public welfarc.

Article 13. All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their right to 
life,liberty , and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent that it does 
not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in 
legislation and in other governmental affairs.

Article 14. All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no 
discrimination in political, economic, or social relations because of race, 
creed, sex, social status or family origin.

   Peers and peerage shall not be recognized.
   
   No privilege shall accompany any award of honor,decoration or any distinction
,nor shall any such award be valid beyond the lifetime of the individual who now
 holds or hereafter may receive it.
   
Article 15. The people have the inalienable right to choose their public 
officials and to dismiss them.

All public officials are servants of the whole community and not of any group 
thereof.
 
 Universal adult suffrage is guaranteed with regard to the election of public 
officials.

  In all elections,secrecy of the ballot shall not be violated.  A voter shall 
not be answerable.publicly or privately, for the choice he has made.

Article 16. Every person shall have the right of peaceful petition for the 
redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment,repeal
 or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor 
shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a  
petition.

Article 17. Every person may sue for redress as provided by law from the State 
or a public entity, in case he has suffered damage through illegal act of any 
public official.

Article 18. No person shall be held in bondage of any kind.  Involuntaty 
servitude, except as punishment for crime, is prohibited.

Article 19. Freedom of thought and conscience shall not be violated.

Article 20. Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all. No religious organization 
shall receive any privileges from the State, nor exercise any political 
authority.

  No person shall be compelled to take part in any religious act, celebration, 
rite or practice.
  
  The Stats and its organs shall refrain from religious education or any other 
religious activity.

Article 21. Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech press and all 
other forms of expression are guaranteed. 

  No censorship shall be maintained, nor shall the secrecy of any means of 
communication be violated. 

Article 22. Every person shall have freedom to choose and change his residence 
and to choose his occupation to the extent that it does not interfere with the 
public welfare.

  Freedom of all persons to move to a foreign country and to divest themselves 
of their nationality shall be inviolate.
  
Article 23. Academic freedom is guaranteed.

Article 24.Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and
 it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of 
husband and wife as a basis. 

With regard to choice of spouse, property tights,inheritance, choice of 
domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family laws 
shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential 
equality of the sexes. 

Articl 25. All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of
 wholesome and cultured living. 

 In all spheres of life,the State shall use Its endeavors for the promotion and
 extension of social welfare and security, and of public health.
 
   Article 26. All people shall have the right to receive an equal education 
 correspondent to their ability, as provided by law.
 
  All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their 
protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory 
education shall be free.

  Article 27. All people shall have the right and the obligation to work. 
  
Standards for working conditions, wages, hours and rest and other working 
conditions shall be fixed by law.

    Chidren shall not  be exploited.
    
Article 28.The tight of workers to organize and to bargain and act collectively
 is guaranteed.

Article 29. The rights to own or to hold property is inviolable.

 Property rights shall be defined by law,in conformity with the public welfare.
 
 Prvate property may be taken for public use upon just compensation therefor.
 
 Articcle 30. The people shall be liable to taxation as provided by law.
 
 Article 31.  No person shall be deprived of life of liberty, nor shall any 
 other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established 
 by law.
 
 Article 32. No person shall be denied the right of access to the courts.
  
 Article 33. No person shall be apprehended except upon warrant issued by a 
 competent judicaial officer which specifies the offense with which the person 
 is charged, unless he is apprehended the offense being committed.
 
  Article 34. No person shall be arrested or detained, without being once 
informed of the charges against him or without the immediate privilege of 
counsel; nor shall he be  detained without adequate cause; and upon demand of 
any person such cause must be immediately shown in open court in his presence 
and the presence of his counsel.

Article 35. The right of all persons to be secure in their homes, papers and 
effects against entries, searches and seizures shall not be impaired except 
upon warrant issued for adequate cause, and particularly describing the place 
to be searched and things to be seized, or except as provided by  Article 33.

Each search or seizure shall be made upon separate warrant issued by a 
competent judical officer.

Article 36. The infliction of torture by any public officer and cruel 
punishments are absolutely forbidden.

Article 37. In all criminal cases the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy
and public trial by an impartial tribynal.

 He shall be permitted full opportunity to examine all witnesses, and he shall 
have the right of compulsory process for obtaining witnesses on his behalf at 
public expense.
  
  At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who 
shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by  his own efforts, be 
assigned to his use by the state.

 Article 38. No person shall be compelled to testify agaist himdelf.
 
Confession made under compulsion, torture or threat, or after prolonged arrest 
or detention shall not be admitted in evidence.
 
 No person shall br convicted or punished in cases where the only proof against
 him is his own confession.
   
Article 39. No person shall be held criminally liable for an act which was 
lawful at the time it was committed, or of which he has been acquitted, nor 
shall he, be placed in double jeopardy.

Article 40. Any person, in case he is acquitted after he has been arrested or 
detained, may sue the State for redress as providid by law.